References FormatThose examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.
Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.
A journal article with 1 authorA journal article with 2 authorsA journal article with 3 authorsA journal article with 5 or more authorsBooks Citation FormatHere are examples of references for authored and edited books.
Thesis Citation FormatWeb sites Citation FormatSometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography.
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